| Absorber (CO2) |
Soda Lime, used as a carbon dioxide scrubber. |
| Accuracy |
A measure of closeness of an analysis value to the known actual value. |
| Acid |
Any of a class of substances with the ability to react with bases and certain metals to form salts. A substance that yields hydrogen ions when dissolved in water and can act as a proton donor. Used in NPOC analysis and catalyst regeneration. |
| Acidify |
To turn acidic, as with solutions. |
| Alkali |
A substance having highly basic properties; a strong base that can damage the catalyst and decrease performance of instrument. |
| Anhydrous |
Free of water. When measuring out standards it is important to ensure their dryness. |
| ASI-L |
An accessory for the TOC-L series instrument that allows automatic analysis of multiple samples. |
| Auto Dilution |
The TOC-L is capable of automatically diluting the samples by a preset factor. The result is multiplied by this factor to obtain the final concentration. The default Auto Dilution value is 1. |
| Autosampler |
Instrument that automatically performs sampling. See ASI-L. |
| Baseline |
Constant signal produced by the background level of the instrument. |
| Baseline Fluctuation |
Degree of irregularity in the baseline. |
| Baseline Monitor |
Screen that displays the TOC-L baseline and associated parameters. |
| Baseline Position |
Placement of the baseline above or below the zero point of the y-axis. |
| Bubble Removal |
Automated process to remove bubbles from the flow lines and syringe of the TOC-L. |
| Calibration Curve |
Relationship between area counts of measured peaks and known concentrations of the solutions used to produce these peaks. |
| Calibration Curve Selection |
When more than one calibration curve is specified in the method, the TOC-L automatically selects the optimum calibration curve to be used for calculating the measurement results. |
| Carbon |
An elementary, non-metallic substance which is present in all organic compounds. |
| Carbon Dioxide |
A heavy odorless colorless gas formed by the combustion of organic substances in the presence on oxygen. |
| Carrier Gas |
Gas introduced at a constant pressure and flow rate for the purpose of moving the sample through the TOC-L system. |
| Carrier Gas Cylinder |
A cylindrical container of gas used for transporting the sample through the TOC-L system. |
| Carrier Gas Flow Rate |
The amount of carrier gas that flows in a given period of time (mL/min). |
| Carrier Gas Generator |
The force applied by the carrier gas to a unit area of surface; measured in kilopascals (kPa) or pounds per square inch (psi). |
| Catalyst |
A substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected. In TOC analysis, platinum acts as the catalyst to assist in the combustion of the sample to release CO2. |
| Catalyst Regeneration |
A process of renewing the catalyst bed by injecting dilute acid |
| Chemiluminescence |
Chemical process that produces light. i.e. NOx + O3 = light |
| CO2 |
See 'Carbon Dioxide'. |
| CO2 Absorber |
Soda lime, used as a carbon dioxide scrubber. |
| Combustion |
One technique used in oxidation of carbon to carbon dioxide. |
| Combustion Tube |
Chamber where the sample is combusted to release CO2. |
| Configuration |
The set of constituent components that make up a system. |
| Consumable |
Parts that need to be replaced at the customer's expense. |
| Contamination |
Presence of impurities that may affect the response of the instrument. |
| Daily Checks |
Items needing to be checked daily for normal operation. |
| Decontamination |
Location of and removal of contaminants in the TOC system. |
| Degradation |
Breakdown of a substance or structure. |
| Dehumidifier |
Peltier cooler used to remove moisture. |
| Detector-Chemiluminescence |
Measures the amount of light given off by nitrogen when it is in the excited state. |
| Detector-NDIR |
Non-Dispersive InfraRed. A method that measures concentration of CO2 in the sample. |
| Devitrification |
The process by which the combustion tube becomes crystalline and brittle. This occurs when substances or contaminates adhere to the combustion tube. |
| Dilution |
The process of making a sample or standard solution weaker or less concentrated. |
| Dilution Water |
Water used in the dilution of samples and standards. This water must be free of CO2. |
| Dilution Water Bottle |
A 2-liter bottle placed on the left side of the instrument to hold the dilution/wash water. |
| Discoloration of Halogen Scrubber |
Change in color of the absorbent in the halogen scrubber that occurs over time as halogens are absorbed. Used as an indication of scrubber vitality. |
| Drain Pot - (Dehumidifier) |
Container on the left side of the TOC-L where moisture from the dehumidifier accumulates. The drain pot must contain a certain level of water to achieve the proper backpressure for operation. |
| Drain Separator |
Separates air from liquid. |
| Drain Tubing |
Viton tubing used to drain waste from the instrument to the drainage pit or waste container. |
| Error message |
Indicates that the instrument has detected an error in operation. |
| Exhaust |
Gases released from the TNM-L unit. |
| Ferrules |
A bushing used to secure a tubing connection. |
| Fitting |
Fixtures or apparatus used in the tubing connections. |
| Fluctuate |
To move in an unstable manner or to rise and fall in or as if in waves; undulate. |
| Furnace |
An enclosed chamber in which heat is produced to oxidize the sample to produce CO2. |
| Furnace Temperature |
Set or actual temperature of the furnace. |
| Gas Cylinder |
A cylindrical container of gas used for analysis with the TOC-L. |
| Gas Flow Rate |
The amount of gas that flows in a given period of time (mL/min). |
| Gas Generator |
An apparatus in which gas is formed from a liquid or solid by means of heat or chemical process. |
| Gas Pressure |
The force applied by a gas to a unit area of surface; measured in kilopascals (kPa) or pounds per square inch (psi). |
| Gas Specifications |
Purity requirements for the carrier gas used with the TOC-L. |
| Gas Supply Pressure |
Required pressure of the carrier gas supply source. |
| Gas Supply Source |
External source of carrier gas. Usually a gas generator or gas cylinder. |
| Halogen |
Any of the chemical elements fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. These elements combine to form compounds that erode the gold lining of the NDIR detector. |
| Halogen Scrubber |
Cylinder that contains copper mesh used to remove halogens from the sample. |
| High Purity Air |
Type of air required for analysis using the TOC-L. |
| History |
Record of instrument operation. |
| Home Position |
Position of vial 1 for the autosampler. |
| Humidifier |
Supplies moisture to the carrier gas to maintain a constant humidity level. |
| IC |
Inorganic carbon: Carbonates, bicarbonates and carbon dioxide |
| IC Analysis |
Measurement of the inorganic carbon contained in a sample. |
| IC Reactor |
Vessel where inorganic carbon (IC) is converted to CO2 using acid. |
| Infrared |
Section of light in the electromagnetic spectrum. CO2 absorbs light in this region of the spectrum. |
| Injection Volume |
The amount of sample or standard solution that is transferred to the combustion tube or reaction chamber. |
| Injection Volume (Auto Correction) |
This function enables the TOC-L to automatically adjust the injection volume and dilution factor when the peak height for the initial injection exceeds full scale. |
| Injector Block |
Slide injector assembly used to introduce sample into the combustion tube or IC vessel. |
| Injector O-Rings |
O-rings in the slide injector assembly used to maintain a leak free environment for sample transfer. |
| Injector Spray Pattern |
Pattern of sample spray greatly affects the accuracy and reproducibility of analysis. |
| Injector Tubing |
Sample tubing that passes through the injector block. |
| Inorganic |
Not from an organic source. |
| Instrument Carrier Gas Flow Rate |
Flow rate of the carrier gas as measured and adjusted on the instrument gauges and controls. |
| Instrument Carrier Gas Pressure |
Pressure of the carrier gas as measured and adjusted on the instrument gauges and controls. |
| Ion |
An atom or a group of atoms that has acquired a net electric charge by gaining or losing one or more electrons. |
| kPa |
Unit of measure for pressure. |
| Leak Check |
Detailed description of process for determining if there is a leak or clog in the instrument. |
| LED |
A semiconductor diode that converts applied voltage to light and is used in digital displays. |
| Lithium Hydroxide |
Absorbent used in the CO2 absorber for use with POC measurement. |
| Maintenance |
The work of keeping something in proper condition; upkeep. |
| Membrane Filter |
A filter before the detector that prevents particulates and moisture from entering the detector cell. |
| NDIR |
Non-dispersive infrared detector. |
| Needle Rinse |
Automated process of rinsing the outside of the sampling needle with rinse water. Applicable only to the ASI-L. |
| Nitrogen |
A non-metallic element that constitutes about 78% of air by volume. Occurs as a colorless, odorless, almost inert diatomic gas, N2. It is found in various minerals and all proteins. |
| Noise |
Electrical disturbance in the communication signal. |
| Non-Infrared |
Section of light outside the infrared section of the electromagnetic spectrum. |
| NOx |
Symbolizes the oxides of nitrogen as a group. |
| NPOC |
Non-purgeable organic carbon. Organic carbon remaining in a sample after it has been acidified and sparged with carrier gas. |
| NPOC Analysis |
Measurement of the non-purgeable organic carbon content of a sample. |
| Number of Sample Rinses |
User set value for the repeat number of times the needle and syringe are washed with sample prior to sampling. |
| Optical |
Of or pertaining to the use of light sensing devices to measure the amount of visible or non-visible light. |
| Organic |
Of or relating to chemical compounds that contain carbon, especially those that are produced by living organisms. |
| Oxidation |
The process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons; always occurs accompanied by reduction. |
| Oxidizer |
An agent employed in oxidation or that facilitates or brings about a combination with oxygen. |
| Ozone (O3) |
Colorless gas obtained by passing electricity through air containing oxygen (O2). Contains three oxygen atoms in the molecule. It is a strong oxidizer. Has a peculiar odor that resembles weak chlorine. |
| Ozone Generator |
Device the generates ozone by passing electricity through air containing oxygen. |
| Peak Area Analysis |
Measurement of the area contained within the representative peak generated when CO2 is detected with the NDIR or NOx is detected with the chemiluminescence detector. |
| Periodic Checks |
Maintenance procedures that need to be performed in a timely basis to ensure continued and reliable instrument operation |
| Peristaltic Pump |
A pump that moves fluid by forcing it along with waves of contraction produced by mechanically constricting a flexible tubing. |
| pH |
A measure (0-14) of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, numerically equal to 7 for neutral solutions, increasing with increasing alkalinity and decreasing with increasing acidity. |
| Photo Interrupt Plate |
Disk on the 8-port rotor assembly that blocks or lets an optical signal pass to a sensor to let the software know the exact position of the 8-port valve. |
| Plunger Tip |
The consumable Teflon tip on the end of the syringe plunger. Replace this tip when backlash occurs. |
| Plunger Tip Backlash |
Slight backward movement of the plunger tip caused by wear due to friction. Allows slight leaking with vertical movement of the syringe, which adversely affects reproducibility. |
| POC |
Purgeable organic carbon. The carbon evolved by sparging the sample solution. |
| POC Analysis |
Measurement of the purgeable organic carbon in a sample. |
| Poor Reproducibility |
Inability to obtain repeatable area counts from a known standard solution. May be due to many factors, see Troubleshooting. |
| Precision |
A measure of how close the results of repeated injections from a single solution are to one another. |
| psi |
Pounds per square inch. Unit of measure for pressure. |
| Purified Gas |
Gas that is free of undesirable elements such as N2 or CO2. |
| Purified Water |
Water that is free of undesirable elements such as N2 or CO2. |
| Quality |
The features or characteristics of a process that define it's ability to satisfy a stated or implied standard. |
| Quantity |
The measurable, countable, or comparable property or aspect of a thing. |
| Quartz Glass |
A clear vitreous solid, formed by melting pure quartz, that can withstand high temperatures and is transparent to infrared, visible and ultraviolet radiations. |
| Ready Lamp |
LED indicator that when lit, signifies that the instrument is stable and ready for analysis. |
| Reagent Grade |
Of a quality suitable for use as a substance in a chemical reaction. |
| Regenerate |
Restore to a better state; refresh or renew. Refers to the process of regenerating the catalyst to improve the oxidation process. |
| Repeatability |
The measure of the accuracy with which the system is able to perform operations in a repetitive manner. |
| Reproducibility |
The measure of how closely a system can generate repeated measurements of a single sample. |
| Residue |
Matter remaining after completion of an abstractive chemical or physical process. |
| Residue Removal |
Automated process to remove residue from the sampling and analysis flow lines. |
| Rinse Water |
Water used by the ASI-L to rinse the needle and syringe between samples. |
| Rinse Water Bottle |
A 2-liter bottle used to contain the rinse water. |
| Rotor |
Consumable rotating part of the 8-port sampling valve. |
| Salt |
The neutral compound formed by the union of an acid and a base. A chemical compound formed by replacing all or part of the hydrogen ions of an acid with metal ions or electropositive radicals. |
| Sample |
A representative part of a whole that is presented for inspection. |
| Sample Boat |
An inert testing vessel to hold the sample during analysis. |
| Sample Carryover |
Contamination of one sample from the remaining residue of the previous sample. |
| Sample Catcher |
Basin of the autosampler. Designed to catch any sample that may be splashed or spilled from the sample vials. |
| Sample Rinses |
Rinsing of the sampling needle and syringe with sample prior to actual sampling. |
| Sensitivity |
The ability of the output of a device to respond to an input stimulus. |
| Septum |
A sealing device for the sample vials. It is pierced with the needle of the autosampler to allow sampling. |
| Slide Injector |
Unique Shimadzu design for introducing the sample into the combustion tube or IC reaction vessel. |
| Soda Lime |
A mixture of calcium oxide and sodium or potassium hydroxide, used as a drying agent and carbon dioxide absorbent. |
| Solenoid Valve |
A valve actuated by a solenoid, for controlling the flow of gases or liquids. |
| Sparge |
To introduce air or gas into a liquid. |
| Sparge Gas |
The gas that is introduced into the liquid. |
| Specifications |
A detailed, exact statement of particulars, especially a statement prescribing materials, dimensions, and quality of work for something to be built, installed, or manufactured. |
| Spray Pattern |
Describes the type of sample spray introduced from the sample slide injector. |
| SSM |
Solid Sample Module. Accessory device for analyzing solid samples. |
| Standard |
An acknowledged measure of comparison for quantitative or qualitative value. |
| Standard (Auto Dilution) |
The TOC-L is capable of creating a range of standard solutions from a single stock standard solution. |
| Standard Solution |
A solution with a known carbon or nitrogen concentration that is used for comparison to the sample solution in order to obtain a comparative sample concentration. |
| Suspended Solids |
Undissolved particulate material in the sample solution. |
| Syringe |
A cylindrical glass barrel fitted with an internal piston, used to inject fluids. |
| Syringe Barrel |
Glass cylinder of the syringe. |
| Syringe Plunger |
Piston-like part of the syringe. |
| Syringe Plunger Tip |
The consumable Teflon tip on the end of the syringe plunger. Replace this tip when backlash occurs. |
| Syringe Zero Point |
Home position of the syringe plunger within the syringe barrel. Used to allow the instrument to determine the exact location of the syringe plunger in the syringe barrel. |
| System Decontamination |
Detailed process for finding and eliminating the contamination within a TOC-L system. |
| System Leak/Clog Check |
Detailed process for finding and eliminating a leak or clog in a TOC-L system. |
| TC |
Total Carbon. Includes both Inorganic and Organic Carbon. |
| TC Analysis |
Measurement of the total carbon contained within a sample. |
| TC Blank Check |
Automated process that provides an indication of the magnitude of residual carbon impurities in the TOC system. |
| TC Catalyst Regeneration |
Automated process to remove inorganic substances that have accumulated on the catalyst bed from the samples. |
| TN |
Total Nitrogen. |
| TN Analysis |
Measurement of the total nitrogen contained within a sample. |
| TNM-1 |
An accessory for the TOC-L series to allow measurement of total water-borne nitrogen (TN) using the principles of 'oxidative chemiluminescence. |
| TOC |
Total Organic Carbon. |
| Troubleshooting |
To investigate, determine and resolve problems within a mechanical system. |
| Tubing |
A hollow cylinder that conveys gases or fluids for passage. |
| Union |
A coupling device for connecting parts, such as pipes or tubing. |
| Unit |
The concentration unit in which the results are displayed. (mg/mL, ug/mL, ppm, ppb) |
| Unstable Baseline |
A baseline that is not stable; not firm, fixed, or constant; subject to change. |
| Unstable Dehumidifier Temperature |
A dehumidifier that is not stable; not firm, fixed, or constant; subject to change. |
| Unstable Furnace Temperature |
A furnace temperature that is not stable; not firm, fixed, or constant; subject to change. |
| UV Lamp |
A device that generates ultra violet light. |
| Valve |
A device applied to an aperture so that by its movement, will open or close the aperture to permit or prevent passage of a fluid. |
| Vial |
A small container, usually with a closure, used especially for liquids. |
| Voltage |
Electromotive force or potential difference, usually expressed in volts. |
| Zero Point |
Home position of the syringe plunger within the syringe barrel. Used to allow the instrument to determine the exact location of the syringe plunger in the syringe barrel. |
